Home Chronology of Crusades

    Chronology of Crusades

    PostDateIconTuesday, 03 February 2009 14:30 | PDF Print E-mail
    User Rating: / 69
    PoorBest 

    Invasion

    1095-1099

    		 

    The First Crusade

    1096Kilij Arslan, sultan of Nicaea, crushes a
    crusaders invasion led by Peter the Hermit.
    1097First great expedition by the Crusaders, known as
    Franj in Arabia.
    1098The Crusaders take Edessa and then Antioch, and
    triumph over a Muslim rescue army commanded by Karbuqa, ruler of Mosul. The incident of
    cannibalism by the crusaders in Maarra.

    "For three days they put people to the
    sword, killig more than a hundred thousand people and taking many prisoners." (Ibn
    al-Athir)

    "In Maarra our troops boiled pagan adults in cooking pots; they impaled children on
    spits and devoured them grilled." (Radulph of Caen)

    1099Fall of Jerusalem, followed by massacres and
    plunder by the crusaders.

    The population of the holy city was put to the sword, and the
    crusaders spent a week massacring Muslims. They killed more than seventy thousand people
    in Al-Aqsa Mosque. The Jews had gathered in their synagogue and the crusaders burned them
    alive. They also destroyed the monuments of saints, the mosque of Umar and the tomb of
    Abraham.

    Occupation

    1100

    		 

    Baldwin, count of Edessa, escapes an ambush
    near Beirut and proclaims himself king of Jerusalem.

    1104Muslim victory at Harran, which checks the
    Crusaders' eastward advance.
    1108Two coalitions made up of Crusaders and Muslims
    confront one another near Tel Bashir.
    1109Fall of Tripoli after a 2000-day siege.
    1110Fall of Beirut and Saida.
    1111Ibn al-Khashab, the qadi of Aleppo, organizes a
    riot against the caliph of Baghdad to demand intervention against the Frankish occupation.
    1112Victorious resistance at Tyre.
    1115Alliance of Muslim and Frankish princes of Syria
    against an army dispatched by the sultan.
    1119Ilghazi, ruler of Aleppo, crushes the Crusaders
    at Sarmada.
    1124The Crusaders take Tyre. They now occupy the
    entire coast, except for Ascalon.
    1125Ibn al-Khashab is murdered by the Assassins sect.
    1128Failure of crusaders thrust at Damscus. Zangi the
    ruler of Aleppo.
    1135Zangi fails to take Damascus.
    1137Zangi captures Fulk, king of Jerusalem, then
    releases him.
    1140Alliance of Damascus and Jerusalem against Zangi.
    1144-1155The Second Crusade
    1144Zangi takes Edessa, destroying the first of the
    four Frankish states of the Orient.
    1146Murder of Zangi. His son Nur al-Din replaces him
    in Aleppo.

    Victory

    1148

    		 

    Debacle at damascus for a new Frankish
    expedition led by Conrad, emperor of Germany, and Louis VII, king of France.

    1154Nur al-Din takes control of Damascus, unifying
    Muslim Syria under his authority.
    1163-69The struggle for Egypt. Shirkuh, lieutenant of
    Nur al-Din, finally wins. Proclaimed vizier, he dies two months later. He is succeeded by
    his nephew Saladin (Salahuddin).
    1171Saladin proclaims the overthrow of the Fatimid
    caliphate. Sole master of Egypt, he finds himself in conflict with Nur al-Din.
    1174Death of Nur al-Din. Saladin takes Damascus.
    1183Saladin takes Aleppo. Egypt and Syria now
    reunited under his aegis.
    1187-1192The Third Crusade
    1187The year of victory.  Saladin crushes the
    crusaders armies at Hittin, near Lake Tiberias. He reconquers Jerusalem and the greater
    part of the crusaders territories. The crusaders now hold only Tyre, Tripoli and Antioch.
    1190-92Setback for Saladin at Acre. Intervention of
    Richard the Lionheart, king of England, enables the crusaders to recover several cities
    from the sultan, but not Jerusalem.
    1193Saladin dies in Damascus at the age of 55. After
    several years of civil war, his empire is reunited under the authority of his brother
    al-Adil.
    1194-1201The Fourth and Fifth Crusade
    1204The crusaders take Constantinople. Sack of the
    city.
    1216-1218The Sixth Crusade
    1218-21Invasion of Egypt by the crusaders. They take
    Damietta and head for Cairo, but the sultan al-Kamil, son of al-Adil, finally repels them.
    1227-1229The Seventh Crusade
    1229Al-Kamil delivers Jerusalem to the emperor
    Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, arousing a storm of indignation in the Arab world.

    Expulsion

    1244

    		 

    The crusaders lose Jerusalem for the last
    time.

    1245-1247The Eighth Crusade
    1248-50Invasion of Egypt by Louis IX, King of France,
    who is defeated and captured. Fall of the Ayyubid dynasty; replaced by the rule of the
    Mamluks.
    1258The Mongol chief Hulegu, grandson of Genghis
    Khan, sacks Baghdad, massacring the population and killing the last Abbasid caliph.
    1260The Mongol army, after occupying first Aleppo and
    then damascus, is defeated at the battle of Ayn Jalut in palestine. Baybars at the head of
    the Mamluk sultanate.
    1268Baybars takes Antioch, which had been allied with
    the Mongols.
    1270Louis IX dies near Tunis in the course of a
    failed invasion.
    1289The mamluk sultan Qalawun takes Tripoli.
    1291The sultan Khalil, son of Qalawun, takes Acre,
    putting an end to two centuries of crusaders presence in the Orient.





    REFERENCES:

    Main reference: The Crusades Through Arab Eyes by Amin Maalouf, translated by Jon Rothschild, 1984. Al Saqi Books, 26 Wetbourne Grove, London W2.

    < Prev   Next >
     

    Any good Comments? Please login or register first

    cc6.jpg
    Login Form



    Copyright © 2010 The Sabr Foundation.
    All Rights Reserved.